Persons holding a Ph.D. who wish to expand their training are encouraged to pursue post-doctoral training, a graduate certificate, or a professional degree (e.g, MD, JD, PharmD). In the rare case a graduate program wishes to admit a student for a 2nd Ph.D., the case must be justified by the department in a petition subject to approval by the graduate college. The department must explain why the 2nd Ph.D. would be qualitatively different from the first. This rule applies to cases where the first degree is from the University of Arizona or from another domestic or international institution. Admission to a second Ph.D. will be allowed only with strong rationale from the program. If admitted for a second doctoral degree, students will be held to all the usual degree requirements and University regulations pertaining to fees, registrations, examinations, advancement to candidacy, residency, internships, etc. Not more than 9 credits from the prior degree may be applied toward the second degree. Applicants who already have a doctoral degree may not be given special preference for admission or for financial support.